Black poplar bears the scientific name Populus nigra. The genus Populus includes the poplar species, while the epithet nigra means “black,” referring to the dark color of the bark in mature trees.

Black poplar is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Salicaceae. It is native to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, and occurs naturally in many parts of Greece, mainly along rivers, streams and other riparian habitats, where it forms characteristic stands of trees.

The tree can reach a height of 20–30 meters and, under favorable conditions, it develops a strong trunk and a broad crown. The bark is greyish black and becomes deeply fissured with age. The leaves are simple, triangular to rhomboid, with serrated margins and long petioles that make them highly responsive to wind movement.

Flowering takes place early in spring, before leaf emergence. The species is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers occur on separate trees. The flowers are arranged in catkins, while the fruits are capsules that release small seeds with cotton-like hairs, which are easily dispersed by wind.

Black poplar thrives in moist, deep soil, especially in riverine areas with high humidity. It grows rapidly and prefers full sunlight. It shows good tolerance to cold, but it is less resistant to prolonged drought.

Propagation is mainly by cuttings or root suckers, as it roots easily. Its growth rate is very fast, making it an important species for reforestation and the stabilization of riverbanks. It may be affected by insect pests and fungal diseases, particularly in degraded environments.

Black poplar is mainly used in reforestation projects, wetland restoration and as an ornamental tree in large landscapes and parks. Its wood is used in light construction, while the species plays an important ecological role in stabilizing riparian ecosystems.